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Battle of Zhenhai
:''For the 1841 battle, see Battle of Chinhai.''
The Battle of Zhenhai () was a minor confrontation that took place on 1March 1885 between Admiral Amédée Courbet's Far East Squadron (''escadre de l’extrême-Orient'') and Chinese warships and shore batteries near the coastal city of Zhenhai, downstream from Ningbo, China during the Sino-French War (August 1884April 1885). French and Chinese sources disagree sharply as to what happened; French sources treat the encounter as a minor incident, while Chinese sources consider it a striking defensive victory. The Battle of Zhenhai is still commemorated in China as an important Chinese victory in the Sino-French War.
== Background ==
In early February 1885 part of Admiral Courbet's Far East Squadron left Keelung to head off a threatened attempt by part of the Chinese Nanyang Fleet (Southern Seas fleet) to break the French blockade of Formosa (Taiwan). On 11February Courbet's task force met the cruisers ''Kaiji'' (開濟), ''Nanchen'' (南琛) and ''Nanrui'' (南瑞), three of the most modern ships in the Chinese fleet, near Shipu Bay, accompanied by the frigate ''Yuyuan'' (馭遠) and the composite sloop ''Chengqing'' (澄慶). The Chinese flotilla, under the command of Admiral Wu Ankang (吳安康), scattered as the French approached, and while the three cruisers successfully escaped, the French succeeded in trapping ''Yuyuan'' and ''Chengqing'' in Shipu Bay. On the night of 14February, during the Battle of Shipu, a French torpedo attack crippled both ships: a French spar torpedo hit ''Yuyuan'' while shells from her guns struck ''Chengqing''〔Loir, 245–64〕
On 25February 1885 Admiral Courbet received instructions to implement a 'rice blockade' to prevent transport of the commodity from Shanghai to northern China. On 28February he arrived off Zhenhai Bay, en route for Shanghai, with the ironclads ''Bayard'' and ''Triomphante'', the cruiser ''Nielly'' and the troopship ''Saône''. Suspecting that ''Kaiji'', ''Nanchen'' and ''Nanrui'' had taken refuge in Zhenhai Bay, Courbet scouted the entrance to the bay at dawn on 1March. Not only could he see the masts of the three Chinese cruisers, but was also able to identify four other Chinese warships: the composite sloop ''Chaowu'' (超武), the wooden transport ''Yuankai'' (元凱) as well as two 'alphabetical' gunboats. The entrance to the bay had been blocked by a barrage of junks sunk by the Chinese authorities while two recently built forts defended the approach.〔Loir, 271–7〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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